Introduction:
Let’s explore the world of education funding in Hungary, specifically focusing on public education and vocational training. As of the latest update in March 2023, we’ll unravel the complexities and changes that have shaped the educational landscape.
Section 1: Local Challenges in School Maintenance
- Small Municipalities Struggle:
After a change in regime, most municipalities in Hungary took on the responsibility of maintaining basic schools and kindergartens. However, this commitment became a significant burden for smaller municipalities, where nearly half of their yearly budget was allocated to running public education institutions.
- Quality Disparities:
Financial capabilities varied among municipalities, resulting in stark differences in school quality, both in terms of infrastructure and professional standards. Upper secondary schools, dormitories, and pedagogical assistance services fell under the care of Budapest and county governments, while basic schools and kindergartens were managed by local municipalities.
Section 2: Evolution of State Involvement
- Role of Public Funds:
Public funds played a vital role in financing kindergarten care and basic and upper secondary education. Until January 2013, local municipalities typically handled budget resources for public education institutions.
- State Takeover and Challenges:
From January 2013 to December 2016, the state took over maintaining public education institutions (excluding kindergartens) through the Klebelsberg Institution Maintenance Centre (KLIK). This move aimed to reduce quality differences resulting from varying municipal income capacities.
- Decentralisation Efforts:
Recognizing challenges in centralised operations, Hungary underwent changes. As of January 2017, KLIK was replaced by independent school district centres, bringing decision-making closer to local conditions and eliminating dual financing tensions.
Section 3: Vocational Training and Kindergarten Education
- Compulsory Kindergarten Education:
Since September 2015, Hungary made kindergarten education mandatory for 3-year-olds. This initiative aims to ensure early education for children while supporting families’ quality of life and parents returning to work.
- Revamping Vocational Training:
In 2015, management of state-run schools for vocational education shifted to the National Office of Vocational Education and Training and Adult Learning. Innovations, such as the Innovative Training Support Centre, aim to renew vocational education and training.
Section 4: Higher Education Reforms
- Strategic Goals for Higher Education:
The ‘Shifting of Gears in Higher Education’ strategy document, discussed in December 2014, set ambitious goals for Hungary’s higher education system. Emphasising competition, quality, performance, and success, the plan aims for a globally positioned and economically impactful higher education landscape.
- Diverse Maintainers and Funding Models:
Higher education institutions in Hungary can be run by various entities, including colleges, universities, and even trust funds. A new trust fund model, introduced in 2021, emphasises cooperation with companies and has been adopted by 21 formerly public universities.
Section 5: Public Expenditure on Education
- Trends in Funding:
Analysing the period from 2010 to 2020, Hungary experienced fluctuations in total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP. After a decline until 2013, there was a gradual increase, stabilising at 4.2-4.3% in 2017-2018. Notably, it reached 5% in 2020.
- Budget Increase and Focus Areas:
The nominal value of expenditures surged by 127% from 2005 to 2020. While kindergartens saw a remarkable 79% increase, basic and upper secondary schools experienced a 34% rise over the entire period. Higher education witnessed a 67% increase.
- Conclusion: Nurturing Education for Tomorrow
In conclusion, Hungary’s educational journey involves navigating challenges, evolving structures, and a commitment to providing quality education. By understanding the changes and embracing the diverse funding models, Hungary is laying the foundation for a promising educational future.
- Invitation to Engage:
Stay informed about the educational changes in Hungary and support the journey by staying engaged with updates from MuxBay. Your interest contributes to the success of educational reforms, ensuring a brighter future for generations to come.
